Tom Krazit, MocoNews, 10/31/2011

ZDNet scored an interview with Canonical founder Mark Shuttleworth, who discussed plans for mobile Ubuntu ahead of Canonical’s developer conference this week. The timing is uncertain, as it doesn’t appear that Canonical has even started the project, but Shuttleworth said the company is seeing the same trends that all of us are: the world is embracing mobile devices built around touch-screen user interfaces.

Linux on the desktop PC remains a bit of a joke despite years of promises that it could supplant Windows and Mac OS as a true alternative. But the mobile world is certainly different, with Google’s Android using Linux code at its heart to help it become the world’s most widely used mobile operating system in just a few short years.

It’s not clear what Canonical and Ubuntu would bring to the table in a crowded mobile world. Already this year we’ve seen HP all but throw in the towel on WebOS development, paring the number of viable mobile operating systems from five to four. Still, only two are truly relevant, as RIM is moving as quickly as possible to embrace the QNX operating system across its flagship BlackBerry devices and Windows Phone struggles to find converts. And we’re already starting to see signs of “app fatigue” inside even big companies fed up with supporting multiple mobile environments.

There’s a school of thought, however, that if the mobile Web lives up to its promise that the underlying operating system becomes less important: apps will run on any mobile device in the browser. There’s another school of thought (articulated by Shuttleworth in the article) that current Android hardware partners are looking for another mobile operating system in the wake of Google’s decision to purchase Motorola. Microsoft and Windows Phone were expected to win much of that business, should things come to that end, but another Linux-based mobile OS that perhaps offered as much customization as Android could be appealing.

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Mobile Tech New, 9/28/2011

LiMo Foundation™ and the Linux Foundation today announced a new open source project, Tizen™, to develop a Linux-based device software platform. Hosted at the Linux Foundation, Tizen is a standards-based, cross-architecture software platform which supports multiple device categories including smartphones, tablets, smart TVs, netbooks and in-vehicle infotainment systems. The initial release of Tizen is targeted for Q1 2012, enabling first devices to come to market in mid-2012.

Tizen combines the best open source technologies from LiMo and the Linux Foundation and adds a robust and flexible standards-based HTML5 and WAC web development environment within which device-independent applications can be produced efficiently for unconstrained cross-platform deployment. This approach leverages the robustness and flexibility of HTML5 which is rapidly emerging as a preferred application environment for mobile applications and the broad carrier support of the Wholesale Applications Community (WAC). Tizen additionally carries a state-of-the-art reference user interface enabling the creation of highly attractive and innovative user experience that can be further customized by operators and manufacturers.

“LiMo Foundation views Tizen as a well-timed step change which unites major mobile Linux proponents within a renewed ecosystem with an open web vision of application development which will help device vendors to innovate through software and liberalize access to consumers for developers and service providers,” said Morgan Gillis, Executive Director of LiMo Foundation. “LiMo will maintain its focus on providing the industry with a broadly backed vendor- and service-neutral ecosystem grounded in the spirit of open and unconstrained opportunity that is embodied by Linux.”

The mobile industry continues to embrace Linux and open source technologies as key factors in lowering device realization cost, increasing flexibility and improving time to market and it is expected that Tizen will further enhance these effects due to its cross-category reach and strong focus on open standards.

“The Linux Foundation is pleased to host the Tizen platform,” said Jim Zemlin, Executive Director of the Linux Foundation. “Open source platforms such as Tizen are good for Linux as they further its adoption across device categories. We look forward to collaborating with the LiMo Foundation and its members on this project.”

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Sara Yin, PCMag.com, 9/28/2011

After months of speculation, Intel has officially abandoned the Linux-based MeeGo mobile operating system it launched in 2010 with Nokia.

Instead, Intel will focus on Tizen, an open-source Linux build being developped with Samsung. Like MeeGo, a hybrid of Intel’s Moblin and Nokia’s Maemo, Tizen is hosted by the Linux Foundation. At the Tizen Project website, its founders say to expect the first release of Tizen to hit the market in the first quarter of 2012.

“Why not just evolve MeeGo?” wrote Imad Sousou, director of the Intel Open Source Technology Center, in a blog post. “We believe the future belongs to HTML5-based applications, outside of a relatively small percentage of apps, and we are firmly convinced that our investment needs to shift toward HTML5. Shifting to HTML5 doesn’t just mean slapping a Web runtime on an existing Linux, even one aimed at mobile, as MeeGo has been.”

Sousou added that Intel will work with current MeeGo users and developers to transition to Tizen.

The announcement comes just one day after Nokia announced it has begun shipping the Nokia N9, rumored to be Nokia’s last MeeGo-based smartphone. The Nokia N9 features a 3.9-inch AMOLED screen made from scratch-resistant curved glass, an 8-megapixel autofocus camera and HD-quality video capture, a near-field communication (NFC) chip, and no buttons. For more, see our hands-on with the Nokia N9 and slideshow below.

Nokia announced the N9 in June, just one day before CEO Stephen Elop stole its thunder somewhat by teasing the first Nokia Windows Phone device codenamed “Sea Ray.” Days later Elop reportedly said he planned to kill off MeeGo even if the N9 was popular. Ever since strategically adopting Microsoft’s Windows Phone OS back in February, Nokia has been devoting all its attention and support to developing Windows Phone devices, although it hasn’t officially abandoned MeeGo.

Some speculate that MeeGo will go up for sale and get snapped up by either Samsung or HTC. Or perhaps we’ll see it integrated in tablets as promised by four small OS vendors back in May.

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Stephen Shankland, CNet News, 8/23/2011

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Christof Kerkmann, Mobile Tech Today, 5/31/2011

Many manufacturers have decided to make use of the open-source mobile operating system Android, but everything can change from one Android-operated smartphone to the next: interface, functions, options available. The one thing that stays the same: With an Android-enabled smartphone, you’re only a click away from the Internet.

Android is not always the same. About 170 different smartphones run the mobile operating system, but there is no one single standard.

Everything can change from one Android-operated smartphone to the next: interface, functions, options available. The one thing that stays the same: with an Android-enabled smartphone, you’re only a click away from the Internet.

Thus, when you’re out shopping for an Android phone, keep an eye on the software you’re buying as well as the hardware .

A whole host of manufacturers have decided to make use of the open source software, designed under the leadership of Google . HTC, SonyEricsson, Samsung and Motorola have all brought out Android phones. Nonetheless, compared to the iPhone, Android is a latecomer to the game.

Google announced in November 2007 that it would develop an operating system based on the Linux operating system in conjunction with an alliance of 30 technology and mobile phone giants. By that point, Apple had already sold millions of its iPhones.

But, thanks to widespread support , Android phones quickly took off and have, in the meantime, become a true alternative to the iPhone.

The main difference between Apple’s iOS and Android lies in the openness of the Google software. Phone manufacturers can use it and alter it as they wish.

“They have the option to come out as individuals,” says Dirk Waasen, chief editor of the German technology magazine Connect. Thus, HTC has laid its Sense interface on top of Android, while Garmin and Asus have made a combination of satellite-navigation device and smartphone with their Nuvifone.

For the pure Android system, shoppers have to seek out the Nexus S, produced by Samsung under contract with Google.

Despite the varied interfaces, the functions of all Android phones are similar. The software stands out because of its free navigation tool, integrated as the Maps service starting with version 1.6. Meanwhile, anyone with a smartphone running Android 2.2 can turn the phone into a wi-fi router for other devices.

As an added bonus, Web sites on Android run with the Flash multimedia technology, which isn’t available on Apple devices.

One unique feature available starting with version 2.3, according to Google spokesman Stefan Keuchel, is its near-field communication technology, which allows cash-free payments via a mobile.

However, not a lot of manufacturers support the smartphone as a digital wallet yet.

“We have the chicken and the egg problem,” says Keuchel.

Even though Google’s name isn’t stamped on a lot of Android devices, users quickly realized that the Internet giant was behind the system’s development.

“Access to Google services is much better than with iPhone,” says smartphone expert Waasen. Maps offers an additional direct search for cafes, petrol stations and cash machines. And the company’s trademark search window is integrated into the startscreen of most devices.

The developers put a lot of work into the engines of the system too. Upgraded versions don’t just run faster, but with greater energy efficiency. The most recent version, 2.3.3, support dual-core processors, like those operating most newer super mobiles.

The smartphone is also becoming a bit of a jack-of-all-trades thanks to the huge selection of apps . According to Google, the Android Market now features about 150,000 applications. True, there are more than 300,000 for Apple’s iOS, but Android users can hardly complain about a lack of choices: from silly ringtones to games to office assistants, it’s all there.

“The selection grew significantly in the last year, but a lot of apps don’t run cleanly yet,” says Arno Becker, who develops applications with his company Firma Visionera. Even though Android gives programmers more freedom, that can make things more complicated than with the more regimented iOS system.

Plus, Google doesn’t sort through its apps as closely as Apple does.

“Apple puts more of a premium on the apps functioning well,” says Waasen.

A typical weakness of an app is the wasteful approach they have to the battery , especially when in satnav mode. Another problem is that resolution and pixel density vary greatly between models, meaning some Android apps don’t display well on some smartphones or don’t open at all.

“Anyone who wants the biggest selection of apps should buy himself a device with the classic smartphone resolutions of 320X480 or 850X480,” advises Becker.

Thanks to the system’s openness, a whole legion of Android phones are available, whether they use huge touchscreens or small keyboards, whether for gamers or businessmen, whether for 150 or 600 euros (219 to 875 dollars).

But regardless of what category you want, check what version of the software is installed. Newer versions are most likely to have the newest update installed by the manufacturer, says Waasen, who recommends Android 2.1 and upwards.

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Rik Myslewski, The Register, 5/23/2011

Nokialess mobile Linux rages on

MeeGo, the Linux-based open source operating system born from the February 2010 shotgun marriage of Nokia’s Maemo and Intel’s Moblin and left at the altar when Nokia hooked up with Windows Phone 7, is an “unstoppable force” that speeds device-developers’ time-to-market, and it stands for “love, courage, and change.”

That was the message delivered at the MeeGo Conference in San Francisco on Monday by the executive director of The Linux Foundation Jim Zemlin and his supporting keynote cast.

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Mobiputing.com, 4/16/2011

The Silverlight platform is Microsoft’s answer to Adobe Flash, allowing developer to write rich media applications for the web or for computers. And Moonlight is an open source implementation of Silverlight designed to run Silverlight apps on Linux. Now the developers of Moonlight are working to port the project to Android.

That means you may be able to run some Silverlight apps on Android eventually, using a browser or maybe even a native app.

The developers showed off a demo this week at the MIX11 developer conference. The video below shows vector-based graphics running at between 37 and 55 frames per second on a Motorola XOOM tablet. The same demo can also run on smartphones such as the Google Nexus S.

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Jon Brodkin, Network World, 3/17/2011

Google is already under fire from Oracle, which has gone to court claiming Android violates Java patents

Google’s Android mobile operating system’s usage of the Linux kernel may violate open source licensing with a misappropriation of Linux code that could bring about the “collapse of the Android ecosystem,” some intellectual property experts are charging.

Google is already under fire from Oracle, which has gone to court claiming that Android violates Java patents and copyrights.

The Linux issue is a separate one and no lawsuits have apparently been filed. But a few intellectual property watchers have written analyses that call into question Android’s use of Linux code licensed under GPL version 2.

Although the Linux kernel is open source and freely available to developers, people who use and distribute it in derivative works must abide by strict licensing requirements. At issue is the concept of “copyleft,” in which free software must be redistributed under the same terms stated in the original license. The question centers on “the library that connects Android and its applications with the underlying Linux kernel,” writes NoSoftwarePatents campaign founder Florian Mueller.

“Google copied 2.5 megabytes of code from more than 700 Linux kernel header files with a homemade program that drops source code comments and some other elements, and daringly claims (in a notice at the start of each generated file) that the extracted material constitutes ‘no copyrightable information,’” Mueller writes.

Mueller notes that while the GPL requires derivative works “to be made available on the same terms,” Google instead publishes Android under a series of licenses that includes the GPL but also more permissive open source licenses such as Apache and some closed-source programs. The Apache license has no copyleft requirements.

Mueller’s analysis was spurred on by concerns raised by intellectual property attorney Edward Naughton and another analysis by law professor and author Raymond Nimmer.

Naughton explains in a Huffington Post column that “Google built Android around Linux, which is an open source operating system licensed under the GNU General Public License version 2 (GPLv2). The GPLv2 is a ‘copyleft’ license: It grants everyone the freedom to copy and modify the Linux code, but that freedom carries conditions, including the requirement that any modified software code and any works ‘based on’ it must be made freely available to all. The very point of the GPLv2 is to make it impossible for anyone to take GPLv2-licensed code and make it private and proprietary.”

Inspired by concerns raised by Nimmer, Naughton says he examined Google’s use of Linux code in Android and, “What I found really surprised me: Google took a novel and quite aggressive approach to developing a key component of Android — the Bionic Library. That library, a type of C Library, is used by all application developers who need to access the core functions of the Linux operating system. Google essentially copied hundreds of files of Linux code that were never meant to be used as is by application developers, ‘cleaned’ those files using a non-standard and questionable technical process, and then declared that the code was no longer subject to the GPLv2, so that developers could use it without becoming subject to copyleft effect that would normally apply to GPLv2-licensed code taken from the Linux kernel.”

Naughton goes on to say, “I have serious doubts that Google’s approach to the Bionic Library works under U.S. copyright law.” But “what is potentially even more interesting is what happens if Google is right. If that is the case, Google has found a way to take Linux away from the open source community and privatize it.”

If Google were sued and lost, however, Mueller claims that the development ecosystem built around the hugely popular Android mobile operating system would be at risk.

“If Google is proven wrong, pretty much that entire software stack — and also many popular third-party closed-source components such as the Angry Birds game and the Adobe Flash Player — would actually have to be published under the GPL,” he writes. “A fully GPL’d Android would completely run counter to Google’s Android strategy. Everyone would be free to use, modify and redistribute all of the affected software,” and there would be “no more revenue opportunity for the developers of the affected applications, and the makers of Android-based devices would lose their ability to differentiate their products through proprietary add-ons.”

Unless Google replaces the misappropriated Linux code with something else, it risks the “collapse of the Android ecosystem,” Mueller writes.

Google has not yet responded to a request for comment from Network World. So far, the alleged violations are just opinions — not lawsuits. But in an e-mail to Network World, Mueller says, “The way I view it is that there are literally thousands of Linux kernel copyright holders. Any one of them could pursue money or glory or be motivated by the defense of the copyleft principle.”

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Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols, Linux Today, 2/11/2011

Well, I guess you can take the Microsoft executive out of Microsoft but you can’t take the Microsoft out of the executive. In what will prove Nokia’s final strategic blunder, Nokia CEO Stephen Elop, a former Microsoft senior executive, announced, with Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer grinning over his shoulder, that Nokia would be using Windows Phone 7 (WP7) for its smartphones.

If you looked closely, you could almost say Ballmer’s lips moving as Elop mouthed, “The game has changed from a war of devices to a war of ecosystems. We have an opportunity to disrupt the trajectory in the mobile ecosystem. Together we will deliver great mobile products.”

Yeah. Right. Sure. Once upon a time Nokia delivered great products. In technology years that’s decades ago. Since then, first RIM’s BlackBerries, then Apple’s iPhones, and now a variety of Google’s Android phones have left Nokia eating their dust.

Microsoft, on the other hand, has always been a mobile operating system failure. Unable to squeeze out its enemies on phones with the strong-arm tactics that proved so successful on the desktop, it was forced to compete on features and quality on phones and Microsoft failed, and then failed again, and it’s still failing today with Windows Phone 7.

The sad thing is that Windows Phone 7 is, I think, easily the best of all of Microsoft’s attempts to create a mobile operating system. It would have been great in say 2007 when Apple released the iPhone. It would have had a shot if has showed up in 2008 when Google and the Open Handset Alliance (OHA) were still struggling to get Android-powered smartphones out the door. But today? Microsoft and Nokia are toast.

We won’t see a shipping Nokia WP7 until the fourth quarter of 2011. By that time, the iPhone 5 will have been out for months; dozens of Android 2.4 phones will be out, and even HP’s webOS phones will be out before Nokia WP7 phones appear. Oh, and some company named Research-in-Motion (RIM) will have its next generation BlackBerry PlayBook out by then too.

Nokia could have done the smart thing and bit the bullet and gone with Android, which would have been much easier to port to Nokia’s hardware. Nokia could have done the brave thing and persisted with trying to make MeeGo into a viable smartphone system. Instead, Nokia’s Microsoft CEO did the Microsoft thing. I’m sure that will help him and his buddies in Redmond, Washington, but it won’t help Nokia at all.

Oh, in theory, MeeGo, like Android a Linux-based mobile operating system is still alive and kicking. It’s not. Even before Nokia announced its Microsoft partnership, the company had killed off its N9-00 MeeGo phone even before launching it. MeeGo, unless Intel decides to keep it going, is dead. Nokia will close the coffin lid on it later this year.

Look at this way though, thanks to this Microsoft deal, since MeeGo is an open-source project, it may very well live longer than Nokia will.

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Sarah Perez, ReadWriteMobile, 2/8/2011

Semiconductor solutions provider Inside Secure has released an open source NFC protocol stack for Android 2.3, code-named “Gingerbread,” which it will provide to chip vendors, smartphone manufacturers, wireless carriers and software developers for free. The stack, called Open NFC, is the first hardware-independent implementation of NFC (near field communication) for Google’s Android mobile operating system.

Prior to this launch, Android’s support for NFC code would only work with NFC chips from the vendor NXP Semiconducters. With Open NFC, however, different NFC chips can be used in Android phones, with less effort than would have been required before.

Why Open NFC?
Explains Philippe Martineau, executive vice president of the NFC business line for Inside Secure, “Open NFC relies on a separate, very thin and easily adaptable hardware abstraction software layer, which accounts for a very small percentage of the total stack code, meaning that the Open NFC software stack can be easily leveraged for different NFC chip hardware.”

“This has tremendous cost, time-to-market and flexibility advantages for NFC chip vendors, smartphone manufacturers and software developers who would otherwise have to contend with rewriting the hardware-specific elements of the Gingerbread NFC protocol stack,” he said.

What he means is that, without something like Open NFC, any smartphone manufacturer that wanted to build phones using chips from another company besides NXP would have had to rewrite a substantial portion of the code found in the Android OS to allow the stack to work with a different NFC controller or combo connectivity chip.

What Else Open NFC Does
The code referencing the NXP hardware is not confined to a thin hardware-specific layer, Martineau said, but is found throughout the stack. With Open NFC’s hardware abstraction layer, however, adapting that stack to new hardware is much simpler.

Open NFC itself is not new – it was introduced last year. This is just the first time it has been ported to Android. The Android version of the stack includes the ability to both read and write tags and it supports peer-to-peer communications, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi pairing, interactions with single-wire protocol SIMs and other secure elements and is compatible with smart cards and RFID tags.

The stack is also available for WinCE 6.0, Windows Phone 7, Linux 2.6, MeeGo and other mobile platforms in addition to Android. The software download will be available for Android 2.3/2.4 via Inside Secure’s website at the end of the month. It’s free and open-sourced under the Apache License. Developer documentation is available here.

Why NFC Matters
NFC, a short-range wireless communications technology, has been widely used in other parts of the world, especially in regions within Europe and Asia, but has not yet caught on in North America. But with the launch of Android 2.3 and the newest Google Android flagship phone, the Nexus S, NFC support is built right in.

The technology forms the basis for upcoming mobile payments platforms which would allow you to wave your phone at a device at the point of sale in order to make a purchase – no credit cards required. Google is working on a mobile payments service of its own, which would tie together several of its products, including Google Places, Hotpot (local business recommendations) and, of course, Android. Both Apple and RIM have plans for NFC in their phones, too, although less is known about their particular initiatives.

More importantly, three of the four leading U.S. mobile operators – AT&T, Verizon Wireless and T-Mobile, have teamed up on a mobile payments service called Isis which will utilize NFC technology. The service will be rolled out over the next 18 months in key markets, says the group.

And other startups are taking advantage of NFC as well. For example, person-to-person mobile payments company mPayy interfaces with NFC technology in its mobile payment services for public transit and brick and mortar retailers. Another startup, Bling Nation, is offering stickers that NFC-enable phones that don’t include the necessary hardware.

Forrester research analysts pegged NFC as one of the top mobile trends for 2011, saying that in some regions in the U.S. where NFC infrastructure is in place, the technology will begin to move from the trial stages to broader adoption this year.

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